The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. Boston House, - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. 1) In 1557, Mary I took England to war with France to support her husband who was already fighting the French. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). . 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. (*fragmentary*). They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. Manage Settings The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. This meant atholics did not think . Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. The attack was a success. Died: 24 March 1603. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. With the seemingly imminent war between Spain only a matter of time, Elizabeth was determined to rid England of the enemy within. King Philip of Spain sent an. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. 214 High Street, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. 1558 -french threat. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. West Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Phillip II of Spain proposed marriage to Elizabeth. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 She was a Protestant. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions.

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