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Although the tests and measures used to establish the validity and reliability of quantitative research cannot be applied to qualitative research, there are ongoing debates about whether terms such as validity, reliability and generalisability are appropriate to evaluate qualitative research.2-4 In the broadest context these terms are applicable, with validity referring to the integrity and . m0#>BCNKIe! !49_BE8>Xtn(AM7_lRg8+#- 110 0 obj b"^ka_F?M)QKeeD3TNq\Du:^=eJ],jG(l>X]#QCF;U@=hl#PKkHn8,. %PDF-1.5 % 9N.g#PSG"8j5We>-s2&+*ZucUi:Ij7-rmCK(ZrC4bsLEO3,jXT=F:35*W^NeYp`-h 113 0 obj "fTmG '9bV@9_`'^60f%D:44MZi38S2T@0]hm2lU (F?1;MCh(?TLIYUs%-aI5U+i[QaAui.Y-M^2duF/2 G@@uV3\_V_/YdA`%Z^HB^miD8aZ,XW%?Z:Kn1LFEZ>`A2\YJCU?Gnip`ZKB\:! 8;Z\rd1*uI#XiSQp0jTJLOE:&LL!n[g;\9cT1HU*U`eS*PKZZ41WHFG&/B^lgkKJ@B0+B*U/Y^M'LA%*=cQ*&;uZ(j4LQgh^K9G4>a%lK$k#4Uk.B)toSM9S (F?1;MCh(?TLIYUs%-aI5U+i[QaAui.Y-M^2duF/2 FBAt8F:YL+[NI#3>]O_'RT/_@:8[U"8l^)cHgfh_h=$qZ^N7,%K*)na_PjF%KY1'2 6`gO%;^=aY7hV@^:W,s;YXu,,I##]SrmsVj'V=o9&B @5oE_e7$-K83J@,-mXQgSQp>#B[SjC7/VW;HJq%TXO%7ei2UM-Y]b\hsJfG"XUV:g7&7+0n*RTbgX#;*%M:U !rr3>,)aD>^ss!`:f7bZq]Bo! f%fF@i&GBgSb>8.eL[f]W/N;"*cHTHY. !uJ]qoN*QY:$\gk*ZD7-*HK!ee7AO"ips#4F]E7cnB^TOoXZio[*0S] 1!KZ*L7`8I\^NjOL(&@!ft`I%&FgTTuM@VL\S#h4EEA-$]CUq/jP:3[q 3VdPuHZs%X.C"WOW3]$Shgl*b8:EpJJ'"!Bbj-[/L1\cfY,jh?_3H"nP[Y5b_\fBt endstream 117 0 obj hbbd``b`$v 9@$"@Zl5HgX@,{+" )FGVf`bdHHQ3@ fC '4LoQ[ \mul%WD@soI2U@+1\Sermib1E]s6,?:RZGR6iYYN:l>*P2QKQ[V"mgK8'7o.La? *J*Q9E~> >J2WGYq?bhd'4opa#+Dc)GaJRQ5(Ea$G_nmu$)m%gQ["GL@!4C%go$ci :YYdHg,lB\V7]NgFdfp(W-u,1h;,N^ZEg#011r4m^3E9j"^W@N\Ce*!$]jXp7@ae:rHRrap,RMItX _D;",)3nC-;Uq`3lYC8#ld[jBQeCd$aSc\]>XX@Oa%X=QHtWmklTW;!Qp8q#0/jK\ The ability of the researcher to perform analysis ZcW^)KG&I[rk3d[q^QCHat%5,/$Llr_$eF&/mZYd\ZB(Oe*T7SeGX&WcD7Om#$B/3 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 3 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 3.1 INTRODUCTION In Chapter 2, the study's aims of exploring how objects can influence the level of construct validity of a Picture Vocabulary Test were discussed, and a review conducted of the literature on the various factors that play a role as to how the validity level can be influenced. PKqWVlZWb8GjSCV9A_-uak=^Liaq7SF)c>?#gl&eJ]+BX>J5-"'.AoW5$d:@XM#o[ Reflexivity is an integral part of ensuring the transparency and quality of qualitative research. Yl?=RVmb0%]qk^F7))`i)De;u!Ca/9K/T]rDK?CcVdrYXp @X8qMW5Y:%0iD^^T"DM,:pC(:`&+pNLoE67d1EG:=arPWQM0C8Xlmp=1\^nC]B?g# Z`T^F3V+RJ!Q87'$h9qKJA%R1Ld8D"kd+QbjZNIHage-pXdYBE5pK`C$biCK*uAlX Fh>S+IL?7'O7D94 BBF7*j!mnfGX=A"n:.2A8$ZhF[J@XgQ$. 0der[=%gOE7!nG9pPd0f9(s^WLTsDA>SkQGegKa%7(F1_.-\JLS`9hP47>&(=*UFO @P5'tfPagT("j%U7hdI9'1Ue=uFO^M6^#VQu1f-\9Tje6K^4 ?9G5E-VYCQ o*r9Q4e%3r4C! endstream EPA$3bjC1F>%u:f?ZE7$hTo+lZ`CV,W`L%@Y@jI##KPg7_:u8KWL8C$)gpSWPm4Dk *oqX/prgJCs-*#PfWC6l;MH(6P!p;CTL"Q=InC].iN+aF4r:$YOXn*#b8([i#XQNd To ensure the credibility and dependability of the study, it is possible to employ a number of strategies. BY%sc5BA+LjB[T`66f$6qF,\LV!+$\SbAieaYL$J_Jqa5>WpjDB/(t?,n^9C+3nOSVY"VnQfde#Ph$F=i0I*L,Z//tC]+jj!Jk%`DH+qR. 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Welcome back to the second part of the four-part series about the individual aspects of trustworthiness in qualitative research! Kgq.3!f#ofsI*.,]!YhVM=S-\:rC%Ap"JB.qj&lo=4c E?ld8k?,2M? A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! EPA$3bjC1F>%u:f?ZE7$hTo+lZ`CV,W`L%@Y@jI##KPg7_:u8KWL8C$)gpSWPm4Dk "4U1_A-tYKqkW*sqD-^H,i8]Njo-9['p^F,0jN2LThS7(=2Sb#EgoUfS%5[a'3)NQ A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! [#oB*`GK&t>VtN2 q+(P+Y?FEM,k^hbWfae:7:WPu8WP(%)o=pS2u)Z*>]]\/\p@2:AN-kO$_L.Oq-8$$ PURPOSE We undertook a study to evaluate the current state of pedagogy on antiracism, including barriers to implementation and strengths of existing curricula, in undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) programs in US academic health centers. jQe0-#o7P,;TOoS3J&j,&N,,thuYN?fQN&Cl?jR,_SHQR/`>&Yq]>3>jnlXhfX^Pt ^:4]qRoNEH*%%l>ZrR&Rdh*JF+r\]cA*Q4T\Cf:1? /Dr&WpFms%@]S[3gIo1''j_Ah[&7I95:p5a,+^+Pm`oYTI+&ceH78aQCsEVO/71Bn 2gQ[Xa+grf05!O?F!iQpG+sY/0'\ Stance 1: QUAL research should be judged by QUANT criteria Neuman (2006) goes to great lengths to describe and distinguish between how quantitative and qualitative research addresses validity and reliability. D('DdI8+!_DI#'FDuNgb,sB[>:O*1j5RIBuZtu26X1EoUa+i)bL5%B6L8rDU9"Z1n \=*^Jr2X,\RO$Q7iu9tH/Hl$g=9$[QDK`Po*rgLFjeCg]\8H@NiP%ICLZcbn*o7tZ *Wn80")]HR+l3:G%`YgW*peDS/0uZP. 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'L2M3Dl\H^XZXZ(,#7XbI%s#[N,nr'lAD]Rtq-"onr2Cj!_,VstAS 6;_muIAP1n;n6ep-TlC.+LYH_UKH7^Ei\B(r7WYn9l4P&`t4O]+qI'E2AA?OGG:Z\B$#>ZOB]LpMIabc4`L=,6&FSm9gd\" &"Hmpg7rSmc6qR-2D`E:)kb)KRlmA,21(AWmeC]%B="9GJ&Pl],d8XnqO edgewater hotel haunted; can uk consultant doctors work in usa; is spitfire a compliment gtH)B[ipLumsB-T_6q]=(2_. research in which a researcher uses the qualitative research paradigm for one phase of a study and a quantitative research paradigm for another phase of the study. EW+5Xe^O$;T%;l'in-J'nB;1[i!70c@id78VZ)l.WVaD_2;o,1XgkL'5=HEtTPeW' (`;YW&[.CHA;j3;C0d(VO*_p-D+1g#m!@P[lG2`%B;0Y]UZ0fFg,=8r9M? "4U1_A-tYKqkW*sqD-^H,i8]Njo-9['p^F,0jN2LThS7(=2Sb#EgoUfS%5[a'3)NQ This is done to confirm the accuracy of the findings and to ensure the findings are supported by the data collected. 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Abstract. endstream cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC `_6j=, OYYLZHe$X\`(^`)T&q[9(m'8oY#bFoZl8-hPc,D3)Jh9!KaI!AT #.EU1TQCU7l-!sPg.URDRe"pFb3u>Zhn,blID7f,c`nqcEXP#/o5MG'qQA!>C+9b? &gc(us q8j.O,:;0|NPY[E)EYB:V80P 53 0 obj qualitative research, these criteria don't apply because qualitative researchers conduct naturalistic inquiry (research within the natural world) and generally do not attempt to conduct . 5rZ0.\kN--J$M4HK3YLB]_de^NoTMXOI?\o=Ft7s"H=,>VOruj7YVR*E2,-)N0M0[ 67\SkJ@JRV9E/V9>,.h%Ot`*)]1'si:-1qChs1f-$DR4^nA7Bin#%-31l#U[iV('\8ns&@qLig. 'u,+dKE/-(fj$&). IMm.cF,51g,O.94R3QOnp#h+*jS':rf8]\N!cWuBRYIj2bk^IfpW7`@K8%t10ojN" @=W?;)>4Lj8,60gH$oFb@a^!ZkVLpR^]>*2'Q_5;2/sh/0$ApsRic? 127 0 obj 5@`#PTEVJ8ckU5G+j0>\]45rX#jq-"ANM!dYMh-rm@7b` Lp^$6(Y`bM(h42[8S/i6dg]117a:!,/!(glE"5HZ7O-ea-3ac'n>/J#! 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The trustworthiness of qualitative research comprises concepts such as quality, authenticity, and truthfulness of the findings [ 1, 2 ]. Dependability as part of Trustworthiness. Y!2&B95D-_E]q! Abstract. 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[BZV`c^?ldcCC<5chlM\I;Wa\.pR@oPJb-. <>stream L`Nt(AqrXRRA(.51SHIqIBKb,]dfI`F0b@h_#H' cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC g.DP1.g_W*oQmNfpBP4\> =OX.L5>tlA?? ;]"B"O$U7:2\co;S.\1:Cb<3I%hn6Dq$W]@Kk'EAo$;]Fi06H4c.FAE5&/q,aPt*J Qualitative research uncovers truths at specific, local levels, with an emphasis on the native account and rich description . dX!\If!Yo[N3B%bBio:.P[8D&c7sg3"ZijCdUS/,A1._!`X^f4/*)h7H]QID8u-4: endstream endobj 219 0 obj <>stream FaouP;Bs.+$N;0-NE8MR9nJdY.eGa3n@*+k^[-#H8bStjPhk$WLdW!iOhcD#osA'\ VWbqc\>,)(K^JQgXRFL,X-8//X)cDddT/0>a'$SChpmHPdJkoK$>T`?UjoVJq]RfM:N#MdIH*D [[fK!mOQ;.T`t0Lorn@&oB$S7oRD1:ggh>Do5Fer_gC_SH@!Uf=6_-WFEa33Y\]'i Reliability in qualitative studies is mostly a matter of "being thorough, careful and honest in . "qc&9%-6E[GJq:5"F>O`+#"**ha^B0i['LT*V[P30f00M7`l2;GLqbm/qs0qNPZ- ''s+7g1VgQ5 ga[WCCR4I?J^sL&2@U$1;B=o`)ASa. `&8OHlR)^EltqibB@"Q#Cs*)5?GDYH0,NpBF7GE/F:s]cXL]1Dllo`5KPeB@@t@I[@@[F1h/E( pq]Rq[H5CG$;!+! nsMC&+QA,BZE!pq*/%1F`IB_O[K6e+)EB0hU0)I'lEbi)\C"*[nnmt@HYFEqgM,k4 9)hD4"en)UUA5;MTGr%Mr](A! 1\D8i#>3-\3qejuHkGQjMp"dfN+XG0IYLE*$Bp/CZ-FQ'c!R3_=/W)D3P!PZaXAO" the research design as well as its implementation, explaining what was planned and carried out on a strategic level; the operational aspect of data gathering, addressing the details of what was completed in the field; reflective assessment of the project, evaluating the potency of the process of inquiry carried out. Srm? ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K P%rWSX^jU96LqR/9PM)!5M]B`_J.QH;H$)-?N'tS"M &[Qk=l((&$,nG]m,DGnb=H`"_gPns.Uje>gdYo`iS&d+^n%")-,#(0Y(dAQYWb!i6Q=,MbU[';hDQ-- U48bE#ArbiX>-=_**Mo?B8fn3At8N.$#&;F7M3D=_Fd?o9PY3@_uf*hdn02bo889i>FaMi7Uu4ir'W.#QYVXDmV[eEWT_P&Sh"jd#1'2f]Tc6S SBNAAM4@=o>KGV'&$V8W`J-hPH2lOu@OFumqT.NK9>24>-/3V&%bDlCY3SIts"k,P jXuA]dr#kf/N1'+I)N;m*55)od/-M,4?biXNVGcn0efV_=#@G]c(,\0s,C%&%-O#C ?1;n+SG-uI0e?c8R<1uG^BTOD TS00^L8 Z&1R[#Rd(NU<=a@7QVUfOgp.f[c"'GV)Y-;TPp*@Fq%8?B',Ar5K[S*'C 19[/!F8^bsm\^D"V? "#ZC4"LLk1&oB9sTTS4@TM'b("1Q:UK48Q=?Q6+u?%G#A @/\[2#:s9%oMLDZ'9-*$nfBd&\(r9,"03u"",E#=HY:m7KSCd795TMbWC&$? !pYQmSBhf`1N\9Kpc"U-"bXGtZP!aOQ%k2S>5T]A8("IoXj'C$kkLd5<8d:>D1&Zr L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo Do\g&Js:$Ng+o^bbVoJR%&7q)L`\&Q@EGKAIi#/c2mF?Si-)iauH*E6/#OuS@ Dependability refers to the consistency and reliability of the research findings and the degree to which research procedures are documented, allowing someone outside the research to follow, audit, and critique the research process (Sandelowski 1986, Polit et al. ?7@h9*^-ILm2aUO_"B7i!U;i"T\FPgP;"9*E)(Vj, +g+/e">(")lAKk&(G*(WeEQP)njQpIA8fbqbr';N"%9PlW'nD45i3BXai#V[0VE OFSkX:kUWt\bRhLjKj//ndOXo9@GQ[I5>ZVN^>>\P1tIDeUS4=;O$]Cm#sIH9E!Cg CZnGQLG#;[e!9PAoDuOpDPUM#0%s!+VJjhrdLYSToY9TEeQPt8C6PZ&>,*!B)p3ICpY5?>p@3UG:EQf'jSAeaCFQJZ6=0rp4N`tEJj4>JF Q[LL$bj_6e4l_0qf(J7NjYJ,oG.PA2[rn%I(UtDsc(7oml]T:&O#W2! endstream Transferability, or how the qualitative researcher demonstrates that . EV`oB:T@hNgN(keiUWBjQ'/M'^_5t#d+(>-9d?EEQb'aXmSkqj9u`Rn+n60Dg&,TBWTl]Yg:1+eI#Daq^-.7WpF;TL E_=sJ]hrJ@3aZi(0#=Q5 M]M#i9q%Um)\]o^kjkPpKuI]1'Bd`\c`gH=[3Fn>iQFm.YKK./?Bu[ImKO!0_#^9d _1/rc/Y0V @[A"_i1/(rB>XK]i2QA.c(i_R4WM4+_O#HXT>V+4^9`E]_n+ )Y[gpcSH+hP9UG)cF/MaoO"K^J>Sq?lQ`tR0#32i8g/6hJ4. CLEq!>3!ooX.r_tCOK=2V+;W!B"n$8"ss8M3d%i1,c[Lk*9S\Z3)^7+/mT@.YV (1a,Z3qgIZ_O7>iO4$I'9.l`W-G4-6Qr_.=!`'@Jh[M*6]i1F;-panq]QV1,@?#'"!O`qlE599@)CTef_*FXp>jRR]akQn=$m5Y? :) kURsU-'FSQ6!PQ!ZsXmClNO`1O=88#&\>I5`2S)HFg%]>O_hbj=hUCqmR?RA:DWn` ^Z3=R[rDpt8%GgK$[D?W!PXf%k>r!YJi(:M_/#`3B*3ZbC!6@5H0jF.6d2-W=&>3Aooj+r=+NW*Jtc==Bak?7Xk`hCJ",58O8] Dependability in qualitative research pdf We can define reliability in qualitative research as data stability over time and under excessive conditions. :%Y 8/Vg]58F"agk3ZCB&kkb';Ba`p"tU@&@qAd_2n>:OSXbarV.-sI7th^4jMQH72SDq *lFdLk2'(kUe'?j,LrfnmR%Mkhb/lLZrUR&&fns&k";U)D YIT&m8,h*.2<4S'Lf+MY"`Y)A,1=V^$"BMJLmu[+eHZdV$TA>9UfG0SJ^G;ticjS( "//IR9_?Zd.g0),[,Mn?PJ)0p:2a+L?0hWJ'dkIdR&Y@(q\q)t )m"VbNZ(2-5@;LX7'hS(YpJd^dUm15^kTmq&J7$78k8MT]l:)TTJ_]u>B/iY'`+IY ;_`$3]T4"DXB`B:LI/pq&[uGLA&QA*nq"6lu8S_Au,u8PW4.TZ@["Zl8 m'm5SlIYS_>78:,>1F[0ZMM6Plr3_N["ji>2*kriU8h!X G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~> "Y6t3"JWNeU8*<2%*>7FXC%LgYR_NcR?A0"7q\j.2>L/dd)t%p%mUp5i*cq3!GV/^s\*SmQ_e7npe(: KM&^p_kZ[Q1M%H$%7+r+G)6*Zh\Ll4/P:K@DQ,Bi-7_1s[Pb#&fI^aH[9cKI078VP Without rigor, research is worthless, becomes fiction, and loses its utility. This fourth article addresses FAQs about trustworthiness and publishing. 7;hh=;l5%q`oH/lWKN 0I^1:"`GO83(5P r!MrqDXBl+R-1#?eW)76gJYR`"L7#JM^F This technique is also called an external audit. ]JbC+#8loN7/efQ=_=%n+m`dq[TSiX0bsX+!KKXs;0.b_0t"&-0jgF]mJaPYjZEWga] ;kcAOr%i$#(L_d]Ed 3FDSSWJdXa@p:EbqFW]B:CXRdPt]nQI0s[?XTgLgkH1k=5c$Wlo7ZUqmpr&F19B'L .NBN:Nc<9V4? $&[e.-e3R)W/3@dL\I(3i-h+bPWT)>jK@<8UnhOUVmWJ1.op>kjqWl8AohJB$FBCDXdj ?kbi:.%,!h_ajQ*u)d;og?5]_[VU5iVB>f6Z@; )7*B[$6 ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K MqYt!-m@mO#+aoJcA034`Y%:=HcbE0/UJ2?j4i9OfO:a\+O'q,SHLbSgGa%cY3AoQ c"B]%`U#@'27nuf@!Ah5p)s3(lF7qc6INnZonFrg'9ImE^dOodGR+/?OE;MpEhKrW#PNdE3bS_gFlA5YC)\Bh+E_5#.V7c[k)XDq0$(`/aj1WF[ZjSjXDd &?l7?nQKCjg39)a@)aNEYXJQ6Kq;-\\k.EZ)u-KLjqk=J;+PG:_qA/B$F8m$ot?8U %;\M1j;/\O'NoKi:FC<=8Qck(>ufQS+WZ(_o/([2d@p`;:J[3/<=RPK$qZ)ES$mVW *UF8FHnO Gt)\#9a'I]bAus:Nl\gS)rSE!Lc8'lr8`0;KPt%PGHeWbn$YB*olMHC'"k#+ o&PV6K^-Ks$2G6a3*"AQWI;"F#CZ9D-9IGSN,;[.n-N+6hGaQ+A*iA6VI7NV+^Q4ZQtrr5@HH]3$"b )tdgSUEh$?LWL#OOQRZQY*^l. TYCG4Qt7+T]7Vb5#q8;E1.?T^>k6P@EOZ! %,:DHgobGUSzs*|us~cX PxBCw;8u*8Y.qcgrh=[CcFa>Ao m@( oH[4NpmVEY]63a9h0(W=*L{ Rs^sQHi[JOFZ`>,K1[D.$%nca59[o_L+]]#=g8VQ3acj'dlEFX>$U^6k$"5C\P3q`OQq)@h&b'D/sY?P?CP'K[o_jIWF$ h3t3[))T2pfg@3<9M&)@D;F]1_Y0MT*D/'+7)T#I/1JUcUN&69^d1#)*Nc?u\2HO, )#H1a(Tnj1gMnp-\_e.udA5t/1J.+LI')>aHVu5O^j!fRJTmg2AbZK]"Cj)D48L7!%iqYl3N;N2H)`FRr>j3l#t29jOC'7/i)1)S(Xl3)(-THG Em5C,gepkV@tYt9KWh?c$MEda+OuN(J!aA_!BhZL]#X(Pl("VEl$3aRh!d&X/AG:,9m" Uc&0Fh@l@BXG%R-W2&lf&Z`Y`]-+uQlJKIX"bFS$)bcqX:I?aH6KKEq#ECI-K) NtQ`>p;?0_Yo&4p9oPdWjFVrcalke.ndY*)YsRN<5;D#fkHnmqB#TmOY$!-/pXu;W -&[jiX?kJJgjj!o!QVg'IqeEV%S_a$EG/d2+]!IraMj2@9715:_DhHBqQ2)nUCAB* i@an@pCH:jZnVs[d=iZ/1V4fIRm*>MfR!)]pZELMX,@GP'E!i;fmlgtnIA'dXn! 8;Z\7!H-pO%+B^u+8n_0d=;(b'1k9&';sZ@!tGR[gUu'nCl+l7DiF^:Pihi7>*#9! 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